I remember Malcolm. He was our Prince and Martin’s twin. Their synergized voice expressed our hope, our determination to be free ..... by any means necessary.
In hindsight from 2025, it is difficult to imagine still “seeking FREEDOM” in the 50’s, 60’s, and 70’s. Didn’t the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment end slavery and affirm the rights of citizenship for Black Americans? Yes, up to a point. The reality of Black life then (and now) was shaped and curtailed by the vestiges of white supremacy, civic and social injustice enforced by unremitting violence.
Malcolm and Martin – you need to know both to fully appreciate each – reflect the “double consciousness” described by DuBois in The Souls of Black Folks. Each reflects an approach to effectively respond to American racism and white supremacy. Malcolm’s advocacy of self-determination addresses the murderous, spirit breaking recalcitrant reality of American life. Martin’s non-violence sought spiritual transformation into the Beloved Community. Non-violent protest is a way of combating hatred and vitriol and, just as important, expressing brotherly love and common-unity. Malcolm’s Hajj, Pilgrimage to Mecca, revealed to him the possibilities of interracial cooperation and community in advocating Black Power and self-reliance. Freedom, independence and full expression of our humanity, Black and white, was the common goal.
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